读书碎片 | 上班频繁摸鱼是“狗屁工作”发给你的止痛药
书籍:Bullshit Jobs
作者:David Graeber
章节:第4章:What Is It Like to Have a Bullshit Job?读书碎片 #036
以下内容来自阅读中的随手记录,思想在这里被暂时放下。
我是一个摸鱼惯犯。
上班的时候,我每工作五分钟,就会因为太过于痛苦而不得不停下来刷一下手机。起初我以为这是我自制力的问题,但慢慢发现,很多人都和我一样。这种集体性的“摸鱼”行为,让人不得不开始思考一个问题:为什么我们如此频繁地需要从工作中逃开?
拓展阅读:“不喜欢就辞职啊,又没人逼你。”
David Graeber在《Bullshit Jobs》中提出了一个极具洞察力的观点:这正是现代社交媒体(刷帖子、刷短视频、看猫咪表情包)崛起的核心原因。这些产品简直就是为那些“工作太痛苦了、必须在缝隙中偷偷摸鱼”的狗屁工作者量身定制的消费品。
碎片化的时间与“时刻防备”的监视感
为什么你不能在上班摸鱼的时候写一部小说、学一门外语,或者进行深度的思考?
因为你的时间被粉碎了。它被随机打碎成“不可预测的片段”(unpredictably large fragments)。你不知道老板会在两分钟后还是两小时后走过来,因此你必须时刻保持警惕,随时准备将屏幕切换回Excel表格。
这种必须时刻防备的状态,根本不适合去创作像上世纪中叶福利国家时期那样的摇滚乐队、实验戏剧或诗歌。相反,这种环境催生了社交媒体的繁荣,这些电子媒体的形式天生就适合在摸鱼的时候消费。
更诡异的是,这种体制还在我们内心植入了一种道德枷锁。哪怕你明确知道手头的工作毫无意义,但只要你在“带薪时间”里去写小说或者做自己真正热爱的事,你依然会感到强烈的内疚。为了逃避这种内疚感,我们的大脑会潜意识地选择那些“看起来毫无生产力、纯粹消遣”的活动,比如刷社交媒体。因为刷社交媒体足够“无脑”,它不会让你产生“我在用老板的钱搞自己事业”的道德负担。
补偿性消费主义
Graeber还将这种现象与更广泛的消费主义联系在一起,他称之为补偿性消费主义(Compensatory Consumerism)。
因为狗屁工作吞噬了我们生命中越来越多的清醒时间,我们已经没有奢侈去拥有一个真正的“生活”。像一整天坐在咖啡馆里与朋友讨论政治或复杂的感情生活,是需要大量时间的。
相反,看一集美剧、刷购物软件或者社交媒体,则可以完美地塞进工作间隙或下班后恢复精力的那些“可预测的时间段”里。我们沉溺于这些短暂的消费快感,其实是在补偿自己“没有真正生活”的这一残酷事实。
你频繁刷社交媒体,并不是因为你懒惰或缺乏专注力,而是因为你身处在一个极其压抑、需要不断伪装且不断抽干你精神能量的系统之中。社交媒体就是这个系统为你提供的、让你上瘾的“止痛药”。
The most common complaint among those trapped in offices doing nothing all day is just how difficult it is to repurpose the time for anything worthwhile. One might imagine that leaving millions of well-educated young men and women without any real work responsibilities but with access to the internet... might spark some sort of Renaissance. Nothing remotely along these lines has taken place. Instead, the situation has sparked an efflorescence of social media (Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter): basically, of forms of electronic media that lend themselves to being produced and consumed while pretending to do something else. I am convinced this is the primary reason for the rise of social media, especially when one considers it in the light not just of the rise of bullshit jobs but also of the increasing bullshitization of real jobs.
那些整天被困在办公室里无所事事的人最常见的抱怨,就是将这些时间重新用于任何有价值的事情有多么困难 。人们可能会想象,让数以百万计受过良好教育的年轻男女没有任何真正的工作责任,却可以访问互联网……可能会引发某种文艺复兴 。然而根本没有发生任何类似的事情 。相反,这种情况引发了社交媒体(Facebook、YouTube、Instagram、Twitter)的繁荣:基本上,这些电子媒体的形式非常适合在假装做其他事情时进行生产和消费 。我确信这是社交媒体崛起的主要原因,尤其是当我们不仅考虑到狗屁工作的增加,还考虑到真正工作日益“狗屁化”的背景时 。
Yet even in the best of cases, the need to be on call, to spend at least a certain amount of energy looking over one’s shoulder, maintaining a false front, never looking too obviously engrossed, the inability to fully collaborate with others—all this lends itself much more to a culture of computer games, YouTube rants, memes, and Twitter controversies than to, say, the rock ’n’ roll bands, drug poetry, and experimental theater created under the midcentury welfare state. What we are witnessing is the rise of those forms of popular culture that office workers can produce and consume during the scattered, furtive shards of time they have at their disposal in workplaces where even when there’s nothing for them to do, they still can’t admit it openly.
然而,即使在最好的情况下,那种需要随时待命、至少要花一定精力回头提防、维持虚假表象、永远不能显得过于专注、无法与他人充分合作的状态——所有这些都更适合孕育出电脑游戏、YouTube吐槽、网络迷因和Twitter争议的文化,而不是上世纪中叶福利国家时期创造的摇滚乐队、迷幻诗歌和实验戏剧 。我们正在见证的,是那些办公族在零散的、偷偷摸摸的碎片时间里能够生产和消费的流行文化的崛起,在这样的工作场所里,即使他们无事可做,他们也依然不能公开承认这一点 。
So utilizing a bullshit job to pursue other projects isn’t easy. It requires ingenuity and determination to take time that’s been first flattened and homogenized... then broken randomly into often unpredictably large fragments, and use that time for projects requiring thought and creativity.
因此,利用狗屁工作去追求其他项目并不容易 。你需要独创性和决心,才能将那些首先被扁平化和同质化的时间……然后被随机打碎成通常不可预测的片段,再利用这些时间去进行需要思考和创造力的项目 。
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What surprises me is that it’s astonishingly difficult to repurpose time for which one is being paid. I’d have felt guilty if I’d dodged the BS work and, say, used the time to have a go at writing a novel. I felt obliged to do my best to carry out the activities I was contracted to carry out—even if I knew those activities were entirely futile.
令我惊讶的是,将获得报酬的时间挪作他用竟然困难得令人难以置信 。如果我逃避那些狗屁工作,比如用这些时间去尝试写一部小说,我会感到内疚 。我觉得我有义务尽我所能去完成合同规定我必须执行的活动——哪怕我知道这些活动完全是徒劳的 。
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...the fact that our jobs thus come to eat up more and more of our waking existence means that we do not have the luxury of—as Kathi Weeks has so concisely put it—“a life,” and that, in turn, means that furtive consumer pleasures are the only ones we have time to afford.
……我们的工作因此吞噬了我们生命中越来越多的清醒时间,这意味着我们没有奢侈去拥有——正如Kathi Weeks如此简明扼要指出的——“一个生活”,而这反过来又意味着,偷偷摸摸的消费快感是我们唯一有时间负担得起的乐趣 。
Sitting around in cafés all day arguing about politics or gossiping about our friends’ complex polyamorous love affairs takes time (all day, in fact); in contrast pumping iron or attending a yoga class at the local gym, ordering out for Deliveroo, watching an episode of Game of Thrones, or shopping for hand creams or consumer electronics can all be placed in the kind of self-contained predictable time-slots one is likely to have left over between spates of work, or else while recovering from it. All these are examples of what I like to call “compensatory consumerism.” They are the sorts of things you can do to make up for the fact that you don’t have a life, or not very much of one.
整天坐在咖啡馆里争论政治或八卦朋友们复杂的多边恋情是需要时间的(事实上需要一整天);相比之下,去当地的健身房举铁或上瑜伽课、叫Deliveroo外卖、看一集《权力的游戏》,或者购买护手霜或消费电子产品,都可以被塞进工作间隙或从工作中恢复时可能剩下的那种自足且可预测的时间段里 。所有这些都是我喜欢称之为“补偿性消费主义”的例子 。它们是你为了弥补自己没有生活(或者没有多少生活)这一事实而能做的事情 。
一起想象更有尊严的生活

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